Data model (GIS) A data model in geographic information systems is a mathematical construct for representing geographic objects or surfaces as data The five steps in the analysis process are:

Frame the question
Explore and prepare data
Choose analysis methods and tools
Perform the analysis
Examine and refine results

Improved Communication

GIS-based maps and visualizations greatly assist in understanding situations and in storytelling. They are a type of language that improves communication between different teams, departments, disciplines, professional fields, organizations, and the public. Michels Corporation improved collaboration and communication with GIS

Better Record Keeping

Many organizations have a primary responsibility of maintaining authoritative records about the status and change of geography. GIS provides a strong framework for managing these types of records

Managing Geographically

GIS is becoming essential to understanding what is happening and what will happen in geographic space. Once we understand, we can prescribe action. This new approach to management—managing geographically—is transforming the way organizations operate.

Defining Spatial Analysis?

** • Longley et all.** 2005: Spatial analysis is a set of methods whose results change when the locations of the objects being analyzed change

• Perspective : Analytical toolset that takes into account the spatial frame

The true value of GIS lies in their ability to analyze spatial data using the techniques of spatial analysis. Spatial analysis provides the valueadded products from existing datasets"

Cost benefit:

GIS benefits organizations of all sizes and in almost every industry. There is a growing interest in and awareness of the economic and strategic value of GIS.

GIS is widely used to optimize maintenance schedules and daily fleet movements. Typical implementations can result in a savings of 10 to 30 percent in operational expenses through reduction in fuel use and staff time, improved customer service, and more efficient scheduling.

Better Decision Making

GIS is the go-to technology for making better decisions about location. Common examples include real estate site selection, route/corridor selection, evacuation planning, conservation, natural resource extraction, etc. Making correct decisions about location is critical to the success of an organization.